A stroke occurs when there is a reduction in oxygen supply to the brain, typically due to a blockage or bleeding in the blood vessels, which interrupts or reduces blood flow. As a result, the brain doesn’t receive sufficient oxygen or nutrients, leading to the death of brain cells. Stroke is classified as a cerebrovascular disease,
impacting the blood vessels that supply oxygen to the brain. It’s considered a medical emergency because timely treatment can be critical in preventing disability or death, although outcomes can vary significantly depending on the severity and type of stroke.
Symptoms of stroke can occur suddenly and may include confusion, difficulty with speech, headache accompanied by changes in consciousness or vomiting, numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg (often affecting one side of the body), vision disturbances, and challenges with walking or coordination. An easy way to remember these symptoms is the acronym “FAST”:
Stroke onset is sudden, and prompt treatment within 3 hours of symptom onset is crucial for optimal outcomes. Several diagnostic tests are available to identify the type of stroke, including:
